May 25, 2013

Naval Aviation: Make way

Naval Aviation Museum 2 Pensacola FL
Image by POsrUs via Flickr

Naval Aviation is the use of air power by the navies; it involves usage of manned aircrafts and also carriers. Naval Aviation utilizes the usage of aircrafts aboard the carriers near to the target, the aircrafts used for the carrier operations need to be sturdy enough to withstand the different kind of stresses faced . The aircrafts are specially modified for such kind of operations. The Navy uses its aircrafts for Reconnaissance, Search and Rescue, surface attack, air-to-air combat, surface warfare and for material and personnel transport.
The history of naval aviation dates back to the year 1910 when Glenn Curtiss, A pioneer aviator showed that the airplanes can take off from and land on ships at sea, which led to the development of the concept of aircraft carriers . The navies also operated sea airplanes or flying boats during the most part of World War I. By the Second World War, Naval Aviation was significantly improved and it became a decisive element in the war at sea. Japan, US and UK were the significant users. Naval Aviation played an important role in Battle of Midway, Pearl Harbor and Battle of Okinawa etc. during that period. It was also used for Anti Submarine Warfare.
The development of advanced aircraft carriers has given a significant boost for the Naval Aviation secto0r. It enables the navies to have an Air cover for its forces while at sea, which cannot be provided by land based aircraft due to the distance factor,. The Anti Submarine Helicopters on board the Naval Carriers and destroyers are potent weapons against submerged threats. During the period of the cold war, the NATO navies began deploying light aircraft carriers with ASW helicopters and also started using long range reconnaissance planes for countering the threat by the Soviet SSNs and SSGN submarines.

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The Mother of all Beasts

The Royal Navy Invincible-class aircraft carri...
Image via Wikipedia

Aircraft carriers are huge ships fitted with flight decks, which allow aircrafts to take off and land on them. They allow the armed forces to deploy their air power anywhere in the world without relying on any foreign soil to set up its base of operations or use their airports that are an easy target.. The aircraft carriers are recognized as sovereign territories at sea as per the freedom of navigation laws, hence they can carry on their air operations out of the carrier battle group which include a carrier and a set of 6 – 8 war ships providing escort. The usage of aircraft carriers dates back to early 20th century, during World war one, where wooden ships were used as balloon carriers , which has evolved into present day carriers which are nuclear powered and can carry dozens of Fixed wing as well as rotary wing aircrafts. They are the largest of the ships operated by the navies and can cruise at speeds of up to 35 knots which makes it capable of being deployed at any part of the worlds in a matter of weeks. There are around 22 aircraft carriers in active service all over the world which are maintained by 9 fleets. Brazil, India. Russia and Thailand have 1 carrier each in active service , UK, Italy and Spain maintain a fleet of 2 carriers each, where as US navy has 11 active aircraft carriers and out of which 6 carrier groups are stationed at strategic locations and ready for action at moment’s notice.
The US Navy Nimitz Class Super carriers comprises of 11 carriers which are nuclear powered. These are powered by 2 A4-W reactors, and have a maximum speed of over 25 knots. They carry a wide range of armaments on board along with the aircrafts, these include Anti ship missile, Missile defense cannons, Sea sparrow anti-aircraft missiles etc., in order to defend it from the enemy threats.

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Life Aboard An Aircraft Carrier

One of history’s greatest technological marvels is actually thirteen in number. The United States Navy Aircraft Carriers. From the USS Kitty Hawk to the USS Theodore Roosevelt to the USS Ronald Reagan, it is almost as if America would never need to worry about mobilization. Aboard an Aircraft Carrier there are, of course, aircraft, but underneath, there is an entire city of cooks, janitors, engineers, flight-deck operators, air-traffic controllers, ship engineers, mechanics, radar and technology technicians, and a small town of people to merely captain the ship. After all, an aircraft carrier is a floating vessel.

The current class of carriers in the Navy are ‘Nimitz-class’ aircraft carriers. These modern marvels stretch of 1,000 feet in length and displace over 100,000 long tons. These boats are named after the first carrier of their type, which was commissioned in 1975, and the last of them was commissioned in 2009. They operate using two A4W pressurized water reactors and travel at speeds upwards of 56 kilometers an hour.

Because these ships are so massive, the require a massive amount of expense and expertise to construct, pilot, and operate. Aside from simply launching and landing aircraft, the carriers also have service elevators, hydraulic lifts, and miles of passages and chambers and other machines operating to keep the boat upright and afloat. A position aboard an aircraft carrier involves complex responsibility, but also injection into a self-supporting community.

Aircraft carriers also have weaponry aboard, both anti-aircraft and anti-ship missiles, incase the ship were to ever endure a direct attack. Sinking a carrier would be a task unto itself, but there are millions of dollars of aircraft, supplies, machinery, and most importantly, people aboard the ship, so even though the ship is designed as a monolith of mobilization, it is also well equipped to withstand even the most brutal of attacks.