May 20, 2012

Christmas for US Military in Afghanistan

The US military presence in Afghanistan rivals the Soviet occupation in length – troops have been stationed there for 9 years and counting. Since 2001, US troops, along with NATO troops, have spent 9 consecutive Christmases in the land of sand.

The Soviets had entered Afghanistan in 1979 and stayed until 1989, and the US stepped into a vacuum of power in the war-torn country in 2001, in direct response to Al-Qaeda terrorists responsible for the attacks on the Twin Towers on September 11, 2001. The war on terrorism, as the war in Afghanistan and Iraq came to be known by, was carried out under the name Operation Enduring Freedom. The US now stands to outlast the Soviets in Afghanistan with nearly a decade of military presence in the country.

During the first Christmas in Afghanistan for US troops, American soldiers celebrated solemnly. They held a service that included songs such as Silent Night, prayers, and candle lights, and they decorated a Christmas tree. The Afghanistan winter was cold, and many of the soldiers were just a month or two into their deployment. But they enjoyed the camaraderie of their fellow soldiers and a special Christmas meal.

Some Christmases have been a multicultural affair, with NATO troops joining together and celebrating the holiday in their country’s style. The UK, Italy, Germany, and smaller NATO countries serve typical feast food. They go to sleep in outdoor tents, listening to Christmas music. Life in Afghanistan is difficult for the soldiers, especially during the holidays, but the pervading spirit tends to be one of determination to help the Afghan people build a stable government.

In the past couple of years, the families of the military have benefited from technology like emails, instant messaging, and Skype sessions that allow them to keep in better contact. Some children of military parents have even created homemade dolls with the picture of their parent.

Aboard The USS Abraham Lincoln

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The USS Abraham Lincoln is the pride and joy of the US Navy’s aircraft carrier fleet. Part of a Carrier Strike Group, the Lincoln heads a formidable fleet of aircraft carriers that patrol US waters, engage in strategic missions, and are a major aid in humanitarian efforts. Plus, the USS Abraham Lincoln is so huge that it is practically an island of its own. One of the largest of 288 ships in active service, the Lincoln weighs 100,000 tons, stretches 1092 feet in length, and runs on 2 Westinghouse nuclear reactors and 7 steam turbines. 3,200 personnel call the Lincoln home during a typical deployment. The ship even has a barbershop to help Navy shipmates keep a clean cut.

Built in the early 1980s, the USS Abraham Lincoln saw action in Operation Desert Storm and the Persian Gulf in the early 1990s. Later, the USS Abraham Lincoln was on the front lines of Operation Iraqi Freedom. Perhaps the most famous moment aboard the ship was when President George W. Bush gave a celebratory speech now known as the “Mission Accomplished” speech because of the banner on the ship with the same phrase. The USS Abraham Lincoln had just returned from Iraq after 10 months. Although a controversial speech, the Lincoln was inarguably instrumental in holding the line during the early stages of the Iraqi War, and the USS Lincoln accomplished their mission abroad.

The Lincoln has spent just as much time, if not more, providing humanitarian assistance than in combat. Even before Operation Desert Storm, the ship evacuated military families in the Philippines after a volcano eruption. In Southeast Asia, after the earthquake in December 2004, the Lincoln was also instrumental in providing aid. The Lincoln is more than a symbol of US military might; it is a symbol of the US military’s dedication to making the world a safer place.

Funding the American Dream through Military Scholarships

One of the most persuasive arguments for joining the US military is the prospect of financial aid or scholarships for higher education. The opportunity for full or partial funding for education through the US military makes it possible for any American to have access to quality education and opportunity to have any career.

Many young Americans begin their military training when they are in junior high or high school with JROTC classes. By performing well in these classes and in school, young civilians have a good chance of recruitment into the branch of military service of their choice. Working their way up the ranks, young recruits can gain valuable job experience in a specialized field, which can help them jumpstart a career after discharge from the military. Once military personnel have finished with their service, they can either go to school for an advanced degree, and the military will help pay for it, or they can do directly to the workforce. Oftentimes, the military will also help pay for school during your time of service.

It is also possible for military personnel and veterans to receive funding for their family members’ education. This opens the door wide for those families who would not otherwise be able to afford higher education. Ever since the GI Bill was instated after World War II, the US government has touted higher education as a benefit to those who serve their country through military service.

For some, it may be difficult to find money for education through the military service. One way is to look online, but often the most highly advertised and the most competitive are easiest to find, so make sure to spend some time doing careful research. Ask around to see if any of your military friends or fellow servicemembers know about good grants or scholarships that would apply to your education or your family members. The money is there, so take advantage of it!

Coast Guards and Not the Baywatch type

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Coast Guard is one of the national organizations, armed military force, assigned with Customs and Security duty along with law enforcement powers and take part in search and rescue tasks as well.
Few of the main responsibilities of the coast guards are search and rescue, ensuring the safety of vessels in the territorial waters, maintaining sea marks, border control and the are entrusted with the duty to enforce maritime laws of the country. Also being a Military force, they are responsible for defending the harbors, patrolling the seas and naval counter intelligence during the wartime. The coast guards will be having Ships , fixed wing aircrafts, helicopters etc at their disposal.
The duties of the coast guards may vary depending upon the country. The United States Coast Guard (USCG) is a law enforcement agency as well as a military body. USCG has a wide variety of resources at their disposal, which includes Ships , which are traditionally called as Cutters and patrol boats, They maintain a fleet of around 210 aircrafts ranging from Dolphin Helicopters to C-130 Hercules military transport plane. The USCG operates under the department of Homeland security during the peacetime and can be transferred to the command of department of Navy by the president during the time or war. USCG have jurisdiction over both territorial as well as international waters for carrying out law enforcement operations.
USCG established new command knows as deployable operations group (DOG) specializing in anti terrorism and law enforcement. It enables supply of specialized force units for deployment to various units that come under dept of Homeland security and Dept of defense. The Coast guard reserve has around 8500 reservists.
Her Majesty’s Coastguard in UK is purely a search and rescue unit, the customs and law enforcement comes under the jurisdiction of UK Border Agency and they lease life boats, tugs and aircraft through private organizations or government.

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US Marine Corps, the best of the best

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United State Marine Corps (USMC) is a part of US Armed Forces, combined armed task force, trained for amphibious warfare. They are among one of the seven federal uniformed services of the US. They are a part of the US Dept of Navy as they train, and make use of the US navy infrastructure for logistical and transportation purposes. USMC has been a part of every armed conflict America has got involved in since its inception. USMC has around 203000 marines in active duty and around 40000 as reserve.
Their areas of responsibility include defending and capturing advanced naval bases and other land based operations, developing tactics and equipments for amphibious landing purposes and other duties as directed by the president of United States. Marines are basically expeditionary forces used in various quarters of ground combat at many instances. They play a vital role in the affairs of the national security because of their capabilities as an amphibious, expeditionary and air-ground combined arms task force.
USMC traces back to the days of the War of the American Revolution where 2 battalions of Continental Marines were raised for the first time and since then they have been a part of many battles ranging from the First Barbary War against the pirates of Barbary in the year 1801 to the present day Operation Iraqi Freedom. The longest of all the wars faced by the USMC was the Vietnam War, where they took part many important battles and also devised various non conventional techniques of counter insurgency against Viet Cong and also as military advisors for Republic of Vietnam Marine Corps.
I Marine Expeditionary force along with 3rd Infantry division of the US Army spearheaded the invasion of Iraq during Operation Iraqi Freedom in 2003 and they ended their role in the Iraq on 23rd Jan 2010 after handing over the responsibilities to the US Army.

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Humvees are not just for celebrities

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HMMWV, abbreviation for Highmobility Multi-purpose multiwheeled Wheeled Vehicle familiarly called as Humvees are 4 wheel drive vehicles manufactured by American Motors General, used extensively in the US military and also in many other countries and organizations. The concept of HMMWV was born in late 1970′s when the US Army wanted to upgrade its personnel and light transport carriers to war grade. The US military currently employs 17 different modifications of the HMMWV which include troop carriers, ambulance, command vehicles, weapons platforms etc. These HMMWVs were widely used in many wars ranging from operation desert storm to the recent war in Iraq. These Humvees were not designed for usage in front line combat. The basic purpose of HMMWV was to use it as a troop carrier, support vehicle, with an exception of weapon platforms which are to be used in near front line operations. The HMMWV armor was designed to deflect shrapnel and small arms fire. It is not effective against automatic fire at close quarters and RPGs, which led to a number of causalities in the urban warfare scenario faced in Mogadishu and in Iraq. These events led to the decision of uparmouring the HMMWV to withstand heavy fire, but that additional weight will affect the performance.
The US Government is on the look-out for a new generation of multipurpose armored troop carrier to replace the present day HMMWVs. Currently more than 50 countries around the world are using Humvees in various military and peacetime roles. Many similar vehicles designed on the lines of Humvees are being manufactured by many companies around the world to meet the civilian as well as military requirements. Hence if you dream about driving a Humvee like you own it, then join the Army as soon as possible because they might get phased out soon.

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The best of Subs

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BALLISTIC Missile Submarines also known as SSBN (Ship, Submersible Ballistic Nuclear) or Boomers are larger compared to other types of submarines, they are capable of launching SLBMs (Submarine Launched Ballistic Missiles). They can fire the missiles while being submersed at a depth of around 50 meters. These are basically designed to provide undetectable launch platform for ICBMs; they have stealth capabilities along with the capability of precision delivery of Nuclear Warheads. The Ohio christened Class SSBNs in the US navy, which are names so because of being made in Ohio, has the capacity to carry 24 SLBMs having multiple, independently targeting warheads. SSBNs uses various noise reduction mechanism=s in order to remain undetected underwater. SSBNs with their wide range of onboard weaponry, nuclear capabilities and stealth characteristics give it a lethal first strike capability as well as the mobility of the launch platforms offers deterrence against attacks.
Presently all Ohio class submarines have their 2 forward most missile tubes converted into advanced SEAL delivery system capable lockout chambers .They also carry Trident II airborne missiles and MK118 digital torpedoes .They carry a crew of around 20 officers and 120 enlisted men. They can spend around 850 days in sea and docks for around 28 days for overhauls; it can operate for up to 12-15 years between any major overhauls. Few of the SSBNs are also fitted with tom-hawk land missile systems
The active classes of SSBMs around the world are Le Triomp-hant Class of the French navy, Van-guard class of the UK , Typhoon class , Delta II and Delta IV classes of the Russian navy and Type 092 and type 094 of the Chinese navy. Indian navy is currently testing its Arihanth Class SSBNs. These SSBNs carry a variety of sensors onboard, which include surface search, navigation and fire control radars, passive search sonar, passive towed arrays, etc.

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Dealing with Bombs under Water

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US Navy SEALS, the US Navy’s principle Special Operations group recruits 18-28 year old male candidates holding US citizenship. Should be a high school graduate or equivalent and should be proficient in reading writing, understanding and speaking English with a minimum ASVAB scores of 165 or 220 (depending upon the sub tests taken into consideration) and the candidate should pass the SEAL Physical Screening Test (PST) . Upon satisfying all these requirements, the candidate will be eligible to undergo BUD/S.
The SEAL training is very rigorous with a drop out rate of around 70- 90 percent. The candidate goes through a at least a year of formal training environments before getting enlisted
Basic Underwater Demolition / SEAL training (BUD/S), a 6 month course at Naval Special Warfare Training Center, Coronado. It starts as a Indoctrination and pre training classes for the first 5 weeks which then paves way for the 3 phases of BUD/S. Out of which the first phase , 8 week Basic Conditioning which includes the ‘Hell Week’ encountered midway of the 1st phase and considered the toughest where the candidate will be tested to his limits. Hell week tests the candidates of the physical endurance, their mental tenacity and team work. More than 65 percent of the candidates quit at this time. The remaining will move to the 2nd phase which includes 8 weeks of diving lessons and then the 3rd phase where the candidates are trained in land warfare for 9 weeks. Then they undergo basic parachute training for 3 weeks. In the end the candidates go through 8 weeks of SEAL qualification training which includes aspects like mission planning, operations, tactics, techniques and procedures. Once upon successful completion of all these programs, they are considered as SEALs authorizing them to wear the SEAL insignia over their uniform.

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Naval Diving a dream Job

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In order to defend the country’s interests there is a need for underwater reconnaissance, demolition, construction, ordinance disposal, ship maintenance, search and rescue, salvage operations etc which are carried out by the country’s defense forces. They make use of expert divers called combat divers or naval divers or frogmen for these purposes. The typical offensive activities carried out by a naval diver include underwater demolition, infiltration, sabotage of enemy installations and equipments. The defensive activities include clearing of mines underwater, anti sabotage operations against enemy divers etc. SBS and SEAL teams are well experienced in these kinds of operations.
The military divers, in order to remain undetected and also prevent any disasters while handling explosives underwater, use specialized or modified equipments. They use rebreathes to prevent the release of bubbles due to the exhaled air, which may give away their position. The suits and diving gear used by then will be made of non reflective surfaces, with non magnetic components.
World War II saw a lot of action on the part of the US Navy divers which included the efforts by the salvage teams trying to rescue trapped sailors from USS Oklahoma at Pearl Harbor. They were assigned to removal of underwater obstacles during the Okinawa Invasion where they created a record by removing 1200 underwater obstacles in 2 days. The Explosive Ordinance Disposal (EOD) teams defused many explosives and underwater mines during the course of World War II.
The Navy Experimental Diving Unit (NEDU) develops and tests various diving equipments and practices depending upon the requirements of the US Armed Forces. US Navy along with NEDU, Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) and Navy Submarine Medical Research Laboratory (NSMRL) have developed and proved the saturating diving techniques in its Sealabs ( Experimental Underwater Habitats) and other research programs.

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Birth of the Modern American Navy

While American military dominance and a quasi-Pax American have been in place since the end of the Second World War, the United States remains a young world power. For most of the 19th century the United States was nothing more than a slight annoyance to most European powers.

It was not until after the American Civil War that the rest of the world began to take notice of the burgeoning military power in the New World. After the Civil War, a bloodied United States emerged stronger and became an economic powerhouse. The vast fields lined with crops and the churning factories of the northern cities were not enough to earn the respect of the world though. As American Naval Officer Alfred Thayer Mahan could have predicted, the American path to power would have to be earned on the seas.

Mahan commanded several ships without distinction during his long naval career, but his influence did not come from his actions. His writings on the necessity of great nations to establish naval power soon became a Bible for leaders to follow. Mahan’s writings helped to start a naval arms race in Europe. In the United States, his influence helped convince leaders to invest a modern capital fleet for national defense.

His advice prompted Congress to make important investments in defense during peacetime for perhaps the first time in American history. A legacy was established that a portion of income tax would be tied maintaining a strong standing force despite America’s heritage as a nation without a standing military.

Mahan’s views proved prophetic during the brief Spanish-American War. The American fleet proved itself during action against an established European power. The United States had a tiny empire and a spot on the world stage. It would take future conflicts to establish the United State as the dominant power, but by beginning of the 20th century the United States was already a significant naval power.

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